Uwo benshi mu gitabo ca bibiliya bita Mariya Madalena aho bamwe bamwita ko yari umusambanyi woba wari uzi ko uyu mugore bamwihendako cane.
Mariya Madalena mweranda ni nde?
Dusomye muri Bibliya nyeranda, turabona umugore yitwa Mariya w’i Magdala avugwa incuro 13 zose. Yabaye umwigishwa n’umugendanyi wa Yezu Kristu Umwana w’Imana yigize umuntu akabana natwe. Uwo mukenyezi Ekleziya Katolika imuduha nk’akarorero k’ubweranda mbere ikamuhimbaza nk’umuvunyi w’abakora amavuta amota (parfumeur). Umusi wo kumwibuka ugwa itariki 22 Mukakaro uko umwaka utashe. Ivyo tumuziko ni ibiki? Kaze mw’ino nkuru tubamare inyota.
Mariya w’i Magdala yiswe “Madalena”
Mu vy’ukuri, Madalena si izina ry’uwo mugore. Yitwa Mariya akaba yavukiye i Magdala, agatumba k’abarovyi kegereye ikiyaga ca Tiberiyade mu Bugalile. Niho Yezu/Yesu yatanguye kwigishiriza aranahamagara abigishwa biwe ba mbere.
Madalena rero rivuye muri Magdala. Ryatanguye gukoreshwa na Papa Geregori wa 1 mukuru (Pape Grégoire Ier le Grand) mu kinjana ca 6.
Abanditsi b’Inkuru Nziza bamuvuga gute?
Luka ni we mwanditsi w’injili wenyene avuga Mariya w’i Magdala imbere y’uko Yezu/Yesu yinjira mu kiringo nyezina c’ukubabara kwiwe (Luka 8, 2). Abandi bamwerekana mu gihe co guhamba Yezu n’igihe amaze kuzuka ava mu bapfuye (Matayo 27, 56 ; 28, 1 ; Mariko 15, 40.47 ; 16, 1 ; Yohani 19, 25 ; 20, 1.11-18). Bose batubwira ko yari yagendaniye Yezu kuva mu Bugalile gushika musi y’umusalaba, mbere Yohani amutuyagira nk’uwo Yezu yabonekeye ubwa mbere inyuma y’aho azukiye, akamushinga ubutumwa bwo kumenyesha iyo nkuru nziza abigishwa bose. Nico catumye bamwita “umutumwa w’abatumwa” (apôtre des apôtres).
Ni kuki Mariya Madalena azwi cane nk’umusambanyi?
Ku mvo y’uko muri kahise k’Ekleziya hariho abagiye barigisha ko ubusambanyi arico gicumuro gikomeye gusumba ibindi (mbere bakacitiranya n’igicumuro c’inyanduruko), hama Luka akatubwira ko Mariya Madalena yakuwemwo amashetani indwi (ico giharuro muri Bibliya kikaba ari igiharuro cuzuye_kiranga umwuzurira w’ibintu (plénitude), niho hava iyo nsiguro y’uko Mariya yoba yari umusambanyi w’imaraya. Ariko si ico gusa. Harabaye ukwitiranya umugore w’umucumuzi w’icese tubona mu nkuru nziza yanditse Luka 7, 37 n’uwo mweranda Mariya Madalena. Ivyo rero sivyo naho vyigishijwe kuva kera. Abo bagore babiri nta mvo n’imwe iva muri Bibliya yotuma twemeza ko ari umuntu umwe aba ariko aravugwa. Kukaba nkako, amashetani 7 Mariya Madalena yagendana nta cemeza ko yari ay’ubusambanyi. Abahinga muvyo gusigura Bibliya (exégètes)bamenyesha ko ashobora kuba yari indwara ikomeye canke igicumuro kigoye Yezu yamukijije.
Umuvunyi w’abakora amavuta amota?
Mu njili turabona abagore babiri basiga Yezu/Yesu amavuta. Umwe ni uwo mugore w’umucumuzi atazwi izina dusoma mu nkuru nziza yanditse Luka (7, 36-48), uwundi ni Mariya w’i Betaniya mushiki wa Lazaro nawe akaba avugwa mu nkuru nziza yanditse Yohani (12, 3-8). Abo bagore bitiranijwe na Mariya w’i Magdala muri Ekleziya y’uburengero canke y’abalatini (Église d’Occident ou latine) mu gihe muri Ekleziya y’ubuseruko canke y’abagreki (Église d’Orient ou grecque) hoho babatandukanya.
Papa Gregori mukuru mweranda amaze kubitiranya akabagira umwe, amajambo y’ishimwe Yezu avuga kuri abo bagore bamusize amavuta amota neza ku mutwe no ku birenge aca yitwa ko yabwiwe Mariya Madalena. Niho rero Ekleziya y’i Roma mu burengero yaciye imugira umuvunyi w’abakora amavuta amota.
Ariko naho biri uko, murumva ko kwabaye ukwihenda. Mariya Madalena ntiyigeze asiga amavuta amota Yezu naho yagiye ayajanye ku ruhafu ngo ayasige ikiziga ciwe. Bitayeko, na barya bagore babiri basiga Yezu amavuta si bamwe, kuko uretse ko bataba hamwe (Mariya ni uw’i Betaniya mu Buyuda nayo uwundi ni uwo mu Bugalile), ntaho Bibliya ivuga ko Mariya w’i Betaniya azwi nk’umunyabicumuro.
Mariya Madalena yigisha iki abakristu?
Ku bakristu, Mariya Madalena abigisha ubwa mbere kugendanira Yezu tutamuvirira na rimwe. Turabona ko n’igihe abandi batumwa bari bahemutse (Yuda Iskarioti yaramugurishije, Simoni Petero aramwihakana, bose barahunga amaze gufatwa), Mariya Madalena yamugumye inyuma.
Ikindi abigisha ni kurondera Yezu n’umutima w’urukundo ugaragara no mu marira basesa kubera ko batamubona kandi batazi aho bamushize. Ni ivy’ukuri, abamurondeye bamukunda, Yezu arabiyereka.
Ubwa gatatu aribwo bwanyuma Mariya Madalena arabigisha kugumiza ku muzirikanyi amajambo Yezu ababwira ngo baje kuyamenyesha abandi kuburyo bashobora kuvuga bati: “Nabonye Umukama. Ngibi ivyo yambwiye.”
Urundi ruhererekanwe rw’inyigisho kuri Mariya Madalena
Hari izindi nyigisho nyinshi zagiye ziratangwa mu bakristu zivuga ku buzima bwa Mariya Madalena. Kimwe gusa izo ntizemewe n’abungere b’Ekleziya. Ni nka:
Inyigisho ivuga ko Mariya Madalena yahawe na Yezu inyigisho yahishije abandi bigishwa kandi ariyo yari ikomeye (l’initiée par excellence);
Inyigisho ivuga ko Mariya Madalena yari umugore (compagne) wa Yezu, ko Yezu yamukunda kuruta abandi bigishwa bose, ko ari nawe wa “mwigishwa Yezu yakunda” Yohani mweranda atubwira mu mpera z’inkuru nziza yanditse, ikongerako mbere ko vyashika akamusoma ku munwa;
Inyigisho icanishamwo Mariya Madalena na Petero mu kurwanira abo Ekleziya iserukiwe na Petero yita abahuvyi b’aba(gnostiques) baserukiwe na Mariya Madalena.
Ukurangiza ubuzima bwa Mariya Madalena
Mu gitabu citwa “La vie érémitique” canditswe n’abamonaki bo mu bumanuko bw’Ubutaliyano mu kinjana c’9 bavuga ko Mariya w’i Betaniya yarangije ubuzima bwiwe yiherereye mu bugaragwa. Mu kiringo c’imyaka mirongo itatu yabaho mu buzima bwo kwihweza no gutangarira Imana (vie contemplative) akikijwe n’abamalayika.
Mu kinjana ca 11 hagiye ahabona ikindi gitabu kivuga ko Mariya Madalena ari kumwe na mwenewabo Marita na musazawe Lazaro bahunze uruhamo rwo muri Palestina baja kuba mu Bufaransa ahitwa Provence. Ico gihe rero Mariya yoba yagiye kwibera mu bwugamo bwimvye mu kibuye(grotte) bwa Sainte-Baume. Niho yoba yararangirije ubuzima bwiwe inyuma y’imyaka mirongo itatu, agaheza agahambwa ahitwa Saint-Maximin. Mu kinjana ca 13 haratowe ibisigarira vy’amagufa aho nyene i Saint-Maximin vyatumye biyumvira ko yoba ariho yapfiriye. Aho rero harubatswe isengero nkuru (basilique) yitiriwe Mariya Madalena mweranda. Iyo sengero irabwa n’abapatiri b’abadominikano irimwo uruhanga(crâne) rw’uwo mweranda.
Gusozera : Umusi mukuru wa Mariya Madalena mweranda
Mu masabamana y’Ekleziya Katolika yo kw’isi yose, igenekerezo rya 22 Mukakaro duhimbaza Mariya Madalena mweranda. Kuva mu mwaka w’2016 (aho Ekleziya yariko ihimbaza umwaka wa yubile y’ikigongwe c’Imana), Papa Fransisko yashinze ko uwo mweranda ataba gusa uwo kwibuka(mémoire) nk’uko vyahora ariko ahimbazwe nk’umusi mukuru(fête).
Uwo mupapa tuzi ko yakunda gutera iteka abagore muri Ekleziya yarashimye guha ico kibanza gikomeye uwo “mutumwa w’abatumwa”.
Ikindi yakoze mu gukosora ikosa rya Papa Gregori mukuru, yaratandukanije imisi twibukirako Mariya w’i Magdala na Mariya w’i Betaniya. Uyu wa nyuma yashinze ko yibukwa cokimwe na mwenewabo Marita na musazawe Lazaro igenekerezo rya 29 Mukakaro. Gutyo yerekana ko na Ekleziya y’i Roma itakibitiranya. Kugira ntitube tucitiranya Mariya Madalena na wa mugore w’umucumuzi, ntitucambaza Mariya Madalena nk’umucumuzi yigaye ariko nk’umwigishwa wa Kristu.